Analysis of procedural reforms introduced under BNSS 2023 replacing the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973.
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 (BNSS) replaced CrPC 1973, mandating electronic FIR registration, forensic investigation for severe offenses, strict timelines for judgment delivery (within 45 days of trial completion), and zero FIR provisions.
Criminal trial and investigative procedure across India for investigations initiated post July 1, 2024.
Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 (Repealed), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 (Enforced).
Electronic Investigation Log, Forensic Expert Visit Record, Case Diary digital extracts.
Pending investigations and trials registered under CrPC prior to July 1, 2024 continue under old CrPC procedure.
Legislative Department Ministry of Law and Justice BNSS Enactment Notification.
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